By Anna J. Cook
上周三(1月5日),来自德国维尔茨堡大学(Universitat Wurzburg)的访问学者亚历山大·克鲁格(Alexander Kluger)在马萨诸塞州历史学会(马萨诸塞州历史学会)居住期间,在一个棕包午餐活动上发表了他的研究课题. In this post, I offer a brief summary of Alex’s prepared talk, “What Is ‘Influence’? German Literature and American Transcendentalism,” and the discussion that followed.
在开始为期一年的实习之前, 克鲁格建议研究德国文学对美国先验主义者作品的影响. With this research, 他试图填补现有奖学金的空白, 与许多先前探索(例如)更广泛的主题,如德国对新英格兰作家的影响的作品相比,提供了一个更集中的研究, 或者在德国作家A和美国学者B之间建立直接og体育官网的狭隘研究.
During his research, it became clear to Alex that to speak of German “influence” on the Transcendentalists, 尤其是狭义上的德国作家的风格和思想实质上改变了美国作家的作品, would be a mischaracterization of the relationship between the two intellectual traditions. Instead, 亚历克斯开始思考德国作家的“角色”, or German writing as “objects of reference” for the Transcendentalist thinkers. 他举了玛格丽特·富勒的诗为例, 经常引用德国作家的作品, whom she greatly admired, 但没有任何明显的迹象, 在风格、形式或总体观点上, of having been substantially changed by her reading of (for example) Goethe.
而不是被德国知识分子“影响”, Alex suggests that the Transcendentalists felt a kinship with their German contemporaries, 他们与他们分享了在共同的“沙龙文化”中成长为思想家的经历.” Therefore, 他们的方法和思想有许多相似之处,以前归因于德国对美国的影响,实际上可能是同时发展的一个例子. As Alex put it, 先验论者被德国作家所吸引,因为他们把他们视为志同道合的人:“这些人思考过我们现在正在思考的问题!”
在Alex演讲后的讨论期间, 参与者试图澄清先验论者, particularly, 发现德国思想家如此引人注目. 德国知识分子文化在美国人中比先验主义圈子更受欢迎. However, Alex suggests that many others who felt an affinity with German culture, such as George Ticknor, 强调了在教育机构发展方面可以从德国吸取的教训, 而先验主义者则强调情感, romantic connections. They used German thought as a vantage point from which they could critique American society. 还讨论了神学之间的交集, nationalism, and literary discourse, 所有这些都激励了大西洋两岸的年轻思想家.
我们祝贺Alex在学会卓有成效的六个月,并期待看到他未来六个月的研究进展.